Bariatric surgery: types of surgeries and how they work

For those who have not been able to lose weight through diet and exercise arrangements, bariatric surgery is a possible step that can reduce their body mass index and improve their health.

There are several surgical options to choose from. Everyone has the associated normal surgical risks, and consulting your doctor is the safest way to get the most information about these procedures. Candidates for these procedures must have a body mass index of 40 or more, or 35 or more with at least one health risk or an obesity-related illness. After surgery, patients will often have a rigorous diet to compromise and will have to take vitamins and supplements to compensate for their lack of nutrition. All these surgeries work by making the patient feel fuller faster while reducing the amount of calories absorbed by the body.

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery is a popular form of bariatric surgery in which medical staples are used to create a smaller stomach, leaving only the rest of the stomach. A section of the small intestine is attached to the new small stomach pouch so that food completely overlooks the stomach. This procedure has been the longest and surgeons have become quite good at these operations. Without a stomach to break down certain foods, dietary guidelines are strict and must be followed diligently.

The LAP-BAND operation uses a silicone band filled with saline solution to create a small stomach pouch near the upper part of the stomach. Unlike the gastric bypass where no food reaches the stomach, the food still passes through the small portal made by the adjustable band. This procedure is increasing in popularity due to decreased diet restrictions and reduced use of staple foods. The adjustable band procedure is performed laparoscopically, so there are also fewer scars.

With a sleeve gastrectomy, a large part of the stomach is permanently removed, leaving the stomach as a tube or the rest in the form of a sleeve, 15% of the original size. There is no foreign body left inside the patient, and this procedure can be performed as the first of two procedures in very obese patients, which is a normal gastric bypass as the second procedure.

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